① Marion Nash,“Contemporary Practice of the United StatesRelatingtoInternationalLaw”,inGlennReynoldsandRobertMerges (eds.),OuterSpace :ProblemsofLawandPolicy (WestviewPress,2ndedn,1997),pp.111-112.
② StatementbyU.S. Representative HerbertReisontheWorkofthe1972Session,LegalSubcommitteeoftheUNCommitteeonthePeacefulUsesof OuterSpace,3May1972.SeealsoMartinMenter,“CommercialSpaceActivitiesundertheMoonTreaty”,(1980)7SyracuseJournalofInternationalLawandCommerce213,p. 218.
③ 参见赵海峰、聂明岩:《论月球开发的若干法律问题》,载《黑龙江社会科学》2010 年第2期,第146页。
① 参见王国语: 《拉开外空采矿竞赛的序幕? ———美国行星采矿立法的法律政策分析》,载《国际太空》2016年第5期,第12页。
② 参见李寿平:《自由探测和利用外空自然资源及其法律限制———以美国、卢森堡两国有关空间资源立法为视角》,载《中外法学》2017 年第6期,第1578页。
③ 根据《国际法院规约》第38 条,国际习惯法的产生需包含两个要素,即国家的一般实践/通例(generalpractice) 和 法律确信(opiniojuris)。
④ See DraftBuilding Blocks for the Developments of an InternationalFrameworkonSpaceResourceActivities,https: / /www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/rechtsgeleerdheid/instituut-voor-publiekrecht/lucht--enruimterecht/space-resources/draft-building-blocks.pdf.
① UN OfficeforOuterSpaceAffairs,Statusof InternationalAgreementsrelatingtoActivitiesinOuterSpaceasat1January2020,https : / /www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/spacelaw/treatystatus/TreatiesStatus-2020E.pdf.
⑥ Kevin V. Cook,“TheDiscoveryof LunarWater :AnOpportunitytoDevelopaWorkableMoonTreaty”,(1999)11GeorgetownInternationalEnvironmentalLawReview647,pp. 647-648.
① 参见吴晓丹:《开发外空资源: 国际法合法性、制度走向和对策》,载《载人航天》2019 年第4 期,第553页。
② Zhuoyan Lu,“Common Heritage of Mankind : The Rise of BalancingInterestsbetweentheDevelopedandtheDeveloping CountriesandtheNeedtoRevisittheMoonAgreement”,(2010)53ProceedingsoftheInternationalInstituteofSpaceLaw 569,p.575.
③ Reportofthe CommitteeonthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpace,Thirty-SevenSession,A/49/20,12August1994.④ Rene Lefeber,“RelaunchingtheMoonAgreement”,(2016)1AirandSpaceLaw41,p. 42.
① 参见冯国栋:《国际空间外交博弈视角下的外层空间法律学说演变及中国应对》,载《国际展望》2014年第6期,第109页;FabioTronchett“CommercialExploitationofNaturalResourcesoftheMoonandOtherCelestialBodies :WhatRole
Abstract:In recent years,the technology and commercialization for space resources exploration haveachievedrapid development. The new changes of the legal environment for space resourceexplorationhighlightedtheneedtoreviewandactivatetheMoonAgreement,whichhasnotyetbeenacceptedbythemajorityof space-faring countriesduetoreasonsincludingthedisagreementovertheconceptof the“commonheritage ofmankind ”.The Moon Agreement has advantages in establishing a unifiedinternationalmechanism for the explorationofspaceresources. Chinashouldconsider promotingthereviewoftheMoonAgreementintheframeworkoftheUN,andtakeitasanopportunitytoconstructaninternationallegalmechanism forspaceresourcesexplorationanduse.ItisagoodopportunityforChinatoactivelyparticipateinandevenleadtheinternationallegislationontheexplorationof spaceresources,andtolimit the unilateral commercialexplorationofspaceresourcesbytheUS. China shouldtakeintoconsiderationtheprogressof thereview,theattitudeof majorspacecountriesandthelevelof developmentofChina'sspaceresourcesexplorationtechnology.
Keywords:Outer Space Resources,Outer Space Resources Exploitation,Moon Agreement,Common
HeritageofMankind,CommercializationofOuterSpace
(责任编辑:郝鲁怡)
① Fabio Tronchett“The MoonAgreementin the21st Century : AddressingItsPotentialRoleintheEraof CommercialExploitationoftheNaturalResourcesoftheMoonandOtherCelestialBodies”,(2010)36JournalofSpaceLaw489,p. 524.